维生素C催化合成乳酸异戊酯

首次利用维生素C催化乳酸和异戊醇合成了乳酸异戊酯。在0．1mol乳酸，0．2mol异戊醇和0．2g维生素C作用下，回流分水60min，酯收率达60．0％。结果表明：维生素C能够代替硫酸作为乳酸酯化的催化剂。     

Vapour phase esterification of butyric acid with 1-pentanol over Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves

Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves with Si/Al ratios 25, 50, 75 & 100 were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized systematically by various analytical and spectroscopy techniques. Their catalytic activity was evaluated for the vapour phase reaction of butyric acid with 1-pentanol. Pentyl butyrate was obtained as the only product. Reaction parameters such as temperature, molar ratio and feed rate were optimized for higher butyric acid conversion. The time-on-stream study was carried out at optimum conditions resulting in gradual decrease in the activity of the catalyst.     

不同结构电气石微粉对酸溶液和碱溶液性质的影响

系统研究了不同结构的电气石微粉因其自发极性和表面吸附与盐酸、NaOH溶液作用对溶液pH值、电导率的影响.用粒径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪分析不同产地电气石的粒径尺寸、化学成分、晶型结构及其作用原理.用碘量法测定电气石微粉与碱性溶液作用后溶液溶氧量的变化.结果表明:不同产地的电气石微粉由于结构不同产生性能上的差异,它们对溶液pH值、电导率和溶氧量的影响不同.在酸性条件下,内蒙古电气石微粉的作用效果最佳,溶液的pH值由3升至9.在碱性条件下,河北电气石微粉作用效果最好,溶液的pH值由12降至10.电气石微粉可以大幅度提高水的溶氧量.溶液的溶氧量与电气石组分中氧元素的含量有关,氧元素含量越高,溶液中的溶氧量越大.     

Thermal crosslinking of collagen immobilized on poly(acrylic acid) grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto plasma‐treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was used to prepare surfaces suitable for collagen immobilization by dip‐coating. Such surfaces could be used as matrices for smooth muscle cell cultures in tissue engineering. Contact angle measurements showed that plasma‐treated and grafted PET films undergo considerable surface reorganization during storage under ambient conditions. However, after collagen immobilization the contact angle remained relatively stable. The amount of collagen initially attached to the film surface increased with increasing poly(acrylic acid) graft density, but subsequent washing in water led to significant collagen loss. This loss could nevertheless be substantially reduced by thermal crosslinking of the collagen in the range 110–130 °C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations suggested that the washed crosslinked collagen has a very similar structure to that of the un‐crosslinked collagen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1874–1880, 2002     

Simple and economic syntheses of some (Z)-7- and (Z)-9-alkenyl acetates,and of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate,the sex pheromone of the European grapevine moth,using aleuritic acid as a common starting material

Short syntheses of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate from 7-hydroxyheptanal and 9-oxononanoic acid precursors obtained by oxidative cleavage of easily available aleuritic acid are reported. The key step in these syntheses is a stereoselective Wittig reaction between aldehyde and alkyl-phosphonium salt. Wittig-Horner type reaction of 7-hydroxyheptanal and diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate gave the ,-unsaturated nitrile derivative which after protection of the hydroxyl group was reduced to the corresponding aldehyde. Wittig reaction of the latter, followed by acetylation, completed the synthesis of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, the sex pheromone of the European grapevine mothLobesia botrana Schiff.     

废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置存在的问题与对策

介绍了抚顺石化公司石油二厂16kt／a烷基化废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置生产运行中存在的问题，通过运行试验、分析研究，提出了的相应对策并进行了技术改造，取得了显著效果，实现了“不烧硫磺，单独利用废硫酸裂解制硫酸”的重大工艺突破，提高了废硫酸的处理能力，实现了经济效益和环境效益双增长。     

对苯二甲酸精制钯碳催化剂内扩散有效因子的估算

在高压磁力搅拌间歇反应釜中研究了粗对苯二甲酸在不同反应温度下,两种粒径的Pd/C催化剂上加氢精制反应的规律。按照该反应对于对羟基苯甲醛(4 CBA)是拟一级反应估算了催化剂的内扩散有效因子η值。本试验估算的η值与动力学研究拟合得到的η值吻合良好。     

Blends of ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid terpolymers with ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers: Mechanical and thermomechanical properties

The effect of methyl acrylate content in ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid (E–MA–AA) terpolymers and acrylic acid content in ethylene–acrylic acid (E–AA) copolymers was investigated in blends of these two materials. The E–MA–AA terpolymer with 8 mol % methyl acrylate was not miscible with any E–AA material no matter what the AA content, whereas the terpolymer with only about 2 mol % methyl acrylate was miscible, at least to some extent, with the E–AA copolymer at high acrylic acid contents. Evidence supporting this conclusion derived from gloss, differential scanning calorimetry testing, and dynamic mechanical measurements. For the E–AA polymer material with the highest acid content, there was a synergistic effect for some properties at low added amounts of E–MA–AA copolymer; the tensile strength and hardness were 10% higher than values for the E–AA copolymer, even though the E–AA copolymer was much stiffer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2216–2222, 2004     

我国DSD酸行业推行清洁生产工艺的思考

2002年我国DSD酸的产量近2万t,占世界DSD酸总产量的40％,其中出口1.2万t,占世界DSD酸总贸易量的35％。我国DSD酸的现行合成路线仍采用传统的先污染后治理的模式,但也开发了一些清洁生产工艺,包括SO_3磺化、有机溶剂氧化、催化加氢还原等。目前企业采用现有清洁生产工艺工业化生产DSD酸还存在困难,作者建议应加强政策引导,强化管理,依靠科技组织进行示范,同时加强国际合作交流,引进技术。     

铜陵一冶环保治理工程的设计

介绍冶炼烟气制本系统环保治理工程的工艺设计及生产运行情况。污水处理系统采用中和曝气加铁盐除砷工艺，引进了戈尔膜过滤器。尾气处理系统，采用石灰中和法，引进动波洗涤技术和关键设备。环保治理工程投产后，废气均达标排放。